Tips on Studying a Foreign Language
Learning another language is not easy, but most people can learn a second
language IF they are willing to put in the necessary time. Here are some
practical suggestions for studying effectively, overcoming anxiety, and learning
the grammar and skills necessary for success in foreign language classes.
STUDY EVERY DAY! A foreign language course is different from any other
course you take. Language learning is cumulative: you cannot put it off until
the weekend. Study 1 or 2 hours for every class hour if you want an A or B.
DISTRIBUTE YOUR STUDY TIME in 15- to 30-minute periods throughout the
day. Focus on a different task each time: vocabulary now, grammar next, etc. Get
an overview during the first half hour: spend 10 minutes reviewing dialog, 10
minutes learning new vocabulary, 10 minutes learning new grammar...so you'll at
least have looked at it all. Approximately 80% of your study time should be
spent in recitation or practice, including practice in the language lab.
ATTEND AND PARTICIPATE IN EVERY CLASS--even if you are not well prepared.
Class time is your best opportunity to practice. Learn the grammar and
vocabulary outside of class in order to make the most of class time. Spend a few
minutes "warming up" before each class by speaking or reading the language.
MAKE YOURSELF COMFORTABLE IN THE CLASSROOM. Get to know your classmates,
so you will feel you are among friends. Visit your instructor during office
hours to get acquainted: explain your goals and fears about the course to your
instructor.
LEARN GRAMMAR IF YOU DON'T ALREADY KNOW IT. Grammar is the skeleton of a
language, its basic structure: you must learn it. Review a simplified English
grammar text. Compare new grammatical structures in your foreign language to
their English equivalents.
PRACTICE FOR TESTS by doing what you will have to do on the test. If the
test will require you to write, then study by writing--including spelling and
accents. If you will be asked to listen, then practice listening. Ask for
practice questions; make up your own test questions. Invent variations on
patterns and forms. Over-learn: study beyond the point of recognition to
mastery.
DEVELOP A GOOD ATTITUDE. Have a clear personal reason for taking the
class. Set personal goals for what you want to learn. Leave perfectionism at the
door; give yourself permission to make mistakes and learn from them.
GET HELP IF YOU NEED IT. Talk with your teacher. Form study groups among
class members. Use tutoring services. Don't wait!
READING and WRITING a foreign language are analytical skills. You may be good at
these if you are a logical person who attends to detail. Train yourself through
practice to notice and remember details such as accents and gender agreement.
READING SKILLS TIPS:First, read the vocabulary list for the assignment. Next, read the questions
about the reading. Then read all the way through a new passage two or three
times, guessing at meaning from context. Avoid word-by-word translation. It is a
waste of time!
Isolate new vocabulary and study it separately. DON'T write between the lines!
Make flash cards. Carry them with you and recite them several times during the
day at odd moments. Overlearn them until they are automatic.
Isolate new grammatical forms and study them separately. Write the pattern on a
flash card and memorize it. Write out and label a model sentence. When you
encounter the form while reading, pause and recite the pattern to recognize the
form.
WRITING SKILLS TIPS: Pay attention to detail: notice accents, order of letters, etc. Compare
letter-by-letter different forms (singular, plural, gender, etc.). Write out
conjugations of verbs, declensions of pro-nouns, etc., and check your endings.
Memorize irregular verbs.
To master spelling, have a friend dictate 10 words to you. Write them out and
immediately have your friend spell them correctly aloud while you look carefully
and point at each letter. Repeat until you get all the words right.
Write (in your own simple foreign vocabulary words) a story you have just read.
LISTENING and SPEAKING are performance skills. You may do well at these
if you are naturally outgoing. Students in foreign language classes often have
difficulty hearing and speaking because they are anxious about making mistakes.
It's OK to make mistakes! Have fun trying to speak!
LISTENING SKILLS TIPS: Frequent the language lab. Read the exercises in your book first; then listen
and read together; then listen without looking at the print. Say aloud/write
what you hear.
Participate silently in class when others are called on to speak. Focus on the
task; don't worry about how you'll do.
If you feel nervous, relax yourself physically by taking a couple of slow, deep
breaths. When called on, pause, relax, and give yourself time to respond.
Listen while a friend dictates to you and write what you hear. Check for
accuracy.
Practice: join language clubs, watch foreign TV, listen to foreign radio.
SPEAKING SKILLS TIPS: Study out loud! Mimic the sounds of the language. Don't mumble. Although most
people feel embarrassed making strange sounds, the language will soon feel more
familiar to you.
When called on in class, say something, even it it's wrong: you'll learn from
it. If you need a moment to think, repeat the question. If you don't know the
answer, say in your foreign language, "I don't know" or "help!"
Practice with a foreign student who wants your help to learn English or with
another class member.
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